Almost 1,000,000 migrants are estimated to work in Tamil Nadu, and industry bodies fear the state’s industrial and manufacturing sector could be severely impacted by an exodus. The massive scale reverse migration of staff to their dwelling states throughout the Covid-19 lockdown three years in the past had severely disrupted financial exercise.

Data on migration

The authorities information on migration inside the nation is just not complete and, in lots of circumstances, outdated. The 2011 census reported the variety of inside migrants in India at 45.36 crore, making up 37% of the nation’s inhabitants. This quantity included each inter-state migrants and migrants inside every state. The annual internet migrant flows amounted to about 1 per cent of the working age inhabitants.

As per the 2011 census, India’s workforce was 48.2 crore sturdy. This determine is estimated to have exceeded 50 crore in 2016 — the Economic Survey that yr pegged the scale of the migrant workforce at roughly 20 per cent of the inhabitants, or greater than 10 crore people.

District-wise migration information within the Economic Survey for 2016-17 confirmed that the best inflow of migrants inside the nation was in city-districts equivalent to Gurugram, Delhi, and Mumbai; together with Gautam Budh Nagar (Uttar Pradesh); Indore and Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh); Bengaluru (Karnataka); and Thiruvallur, Chennai, Kancheepuram, Erode, and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu).

The highest outward motion of migrant staff was from Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor, Moradabad, Rampur, Kaushambi, Faizabad, and 33 different districts of Uttar Pradesh; Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Rudra Prayag, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, and Champawat in Uttarakhand; Churu, Jhunjhunu, and Pali in Rajasthan; Darbhanga, Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran, Sheikhpura, Bhojpur, Buxar, and Jehanabad in Bihar; Dhanbad, Lohardaga, and Gumla in Jharkhand; and Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg in Maharashtra.

Map on migration information in India.

As per the Report of the Working Group on Migration, 2017 below the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 17 districts accounted for the highest 25% of India’s whole male out-migration. Ten of those districts are in UP, six in Bihar, and one in Odisha. (See map above)

“Relatively less developed states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have high net out-migration. Relatively more developed states take positive CMM (Cohort-based Migration Metric) values reflecting net immigration: Goa, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. The largest recipient was the Delhi region, which accounted for more than half of migration in 2015-16, while Uttar Pradesh and Bihar taken together account for half of total out-migrants. Maharashtra, Goa and Tamil Nadu had major net in-migration, while Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh had major net out-migration,” the Economic Survey mentioned.

More latest numbers

A report, ‘Migration in India 2020-21’, launched by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation in June 2022 had collated some numbers for non permanent guests and migrants. As per the report, 0.7 per cent of the nation’s inhabitants was recorded as a ‘temporary visitor’ throughout households throughout the July 2020-June 2021 interval after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020.

While non permanent guests had been outlined as those that arrived in households after March 2020 and stayed repeatedly for a interval of 15 days or extra however lower than 6 months, ‘migrants’ had been outlined as these for whom the final common place of residence any time up to now is completely different from the current place of enumeration.

Over 84 per cent of those 0.7 per cent non permanent guests moved locations for causes linked to the pandemic, starting from lack of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment alternatives, migration of incomes member, closure of academic establishments and health-related causes, and assembly household/ family members/ buddies, it confirmed.

A complete 48.9 per cent of non permanent guests moved to satisfy household/ family members/ buddies between July 2020 and June 2021, whereas 15.7 per cent of such non permanent guests moved for health-related causes, and 12.2 per cent attributable to lack of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment alternatives.

The all-India migration fee was 28.9 per cent for July 2020-June 2021, with a 26.5 per cent migration fee in rural areas and 34.9 per cent in city areas.

Females recorded a better share of migration fee of 47.9 per cent; 48 per cent in rural and 47.8 per cent in city areas. Migration fee for males was 10.7 per cent, with 5.9 per cent in rural and 22.5 per cent in city areas.

Among females, the best stage of migration fee was seen at 86.8 per cent for marriage, whereas 49.6 per cent of the males migrated in the hunt for employment, to take up higher employment/ enterprise/ proximity to place of business, or lack of job/ closure of unit/ lack of employment alternatives.