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Photo by NASA/JPL-Caltech
On Monday morning, the world learned of an exciting discovery: a whiff of phosphine, one of the universe’s most odious substances, detected in the atmosphere of Venus. On Earth, it hangs out in some unsavory spots, such as sewage plants. But it’s also associated with life, especially with microbes living in anaerobic (oxygen-poor) environments. Could this report of phosphine on Venus also mean that life exists there?
The answer depends on whom you ask. The one thing we now know is that astronomers, as a whole, are incapable of any conspiracy to hide alien life: Though I tuned into the press conference along with many others around the world, the news had already wriggled free of its press embargo and been basically known among space circles for two days. During that time, many people had been quick to point out that phosphine does occur in places without life, namely gas giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Phosphine, an uneasy alliance of a phosphorus atom and three hydrogen atoms, is hard to make and easily destroyed; on gas giants it’s created deep in the hot, high pressure lower layers of the atmosphere, then dredged upward by flowing currents. Even though Venus is definitely on the hot side as small, rocky planets go (its average temperature is 800 degrees Fahrenheit) it’s still pretty temperate compared with Jupiter (which is estimated to be many tens of thousands of degrees Fahrenheit in its depths!).
But that’s exactly what would make finding phosphine on Venus exciting, if the finding holds up: On temperate, terrestrial worlds, phosphine doesn’t form easily, and at least on Earth, it’s only found in the presence of life. For that reason, astronomers like Clara Sousa-Silva (who has the enviable Twitter handle @DrPhosphine) have suggested that phosphine is a promising biosignature, a chemical tracer that, if found in a terrestrial planet’s atmosphere, could tell us that life might be lurking there.
Phosphine is an old friend of mine—my first-ever research project in astronomy involved studying phosphine in the atmosphere of Jupiter—but I never imagined I’d be hearing from it again, and certainly not as a putative biosignature. And on Venus, of all places!
Soon after the announcement, I read the associated flotilla of scientific research papers with curiosity, and a healthy dose of skepticism—detecting phosphine is challenging to begin with. On top of that, it’s hard to know whether phosphine is there because of life, or because there’s just some interesting non-life chemistry that we haven’t figured out yet. If there’s phosphine on Venus then that’s definitely exciting, even if it doesn’t end up being evidence of life. But I’m also not ready to bet my apartment on phosphine being a sign of a microbial Cloud City.
Once I’d had a chance to read and discuss the results with some fellow astronomer friends, however, my mind turned elsewhere: to worry.
You might not expect me (or anyone) to worry about a place like Venus. Venus is pretty tough. You don’t hear about Venus rovers because there aren’t any— in fact, every mission that’s landed on Venus has been promptly obliterated by its heat and highly acidic, arid environment. Designing a mission to do anything other than orbit Venus from a safe distance is like deciding to put your smartphone in a kiln (for science!), but that hasn’t stopped Venus’ fans from trying: missions like NASA’s DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging Plus), India’s Shukrayaan-1, and Russia’s Venera-D all hope to probe Venus’ inhospitable environment in the next decade. On top of these national missions, private space companies are also vying to get in on the act: Peter Beck, CEO of U.S.-based Rocket Lab, describes himself as “madly in love with Venus,” and hopes to send a private mission there by 2023.
So why worry? After all, in much of U.S. science fiction, aliens are the fearsome invaders: They abduct people and run amok destroying buildings. Depending on their whims, they may either infiltrate the government, or just blow it up entirely. Paralleling Earthly histories of invasion and colonization, these fictions tell us to fear the aliens, reflecting white American settler fears that we, too, might one day be colonized. In real-world space exploration, though, we humans are the invaders: As denizens of the only planet that we know definitely has life, we take great pains to carefully clean our spacecraft so we don’t contaminate the worlds we explore. These regulations, known as planetary protection, both safeguard Earth’s biosphere from potential contamination and protect other worlds from us. National space agencies have adhered closely to planetary protection guidelines, and generally speaking, private companies working under contract with national agencies do, too. But private endeavors? Not so much: Just last year the first completely private mission to the Moon, Israel’s Beresheet, was found to have splattered a cache of hardy organisms known as tardigrades when it crashed on the lunar surface.
Under current planetary protection guidelines, the moon is essentially considered a barren wasteland and thus not needing of protection. But if there’s anything we can agree on (besides that astronomers can’t keep secrets), it’s that this potential phosphine detection complicates our ideas about where life might exist beyond Earth. One potential solution to this new chemical mystery on Venus is to immediately pour efforts into going there, leading to a near-future “Venus Rush.” But much like other moments in history where we have rushed forth, humans have the ability to curtail possible futures, and to create great harm, when we rush.
Planetary protection isn’t just cleaning a spacecraft, it is borne out of a philosophy for how we can ethically engage with other worlds. At least in my case, I am hopeful— both for phosphine, and for a future where we have deeply-considered ethical frameworks for exploration. In the meantime, excitement and anxiety will always go hand in hand.
Future Tense
is a partnership of
Slate,
New America, and
Arizona State University
that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society.
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"symbol" : _typeof(e); })(e); } var o = "https://fastlane.rubiconproject.com/a/api/fastlane.json", l = "https://prebid-server.rubiconproject.com/openrtb2/auction", a = "https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.html", d = { FASTLANE: { id: "dt.id", keyv: "dt.keyv", pref: "dt.pref" }, PREBID_SERVER: { id: "id", keyv: "keyv" } }, f = { 1: "468x60", 2: "728x90", 5: "120x90", 8: "120x600", 9: "160x600", 10: "300x600", 13: "200x200", 14: "250x250", 15: "300x250", 16: "336x280", 17: "240x400", 19: "300x100", 31: "980x120", 32: "250x360", 33: "180x500", 35: "980x150", 37: "468x400", 38: "930x180", 39: "750x100", 40: "750x200", 41: "750x300", 42: "2x4", 43: "320x50", 44: "300x50", 48: "300x300", 53: "1024x768", 54: "300x1050", 55: "970x90", 57: "970x250", 58: "1000x90", 59: "320x80", 60: "320x150", 61: "1000x1000", 64: "580x500", 65: "640x480", 66: "930x600", 67: "320x480", 68: "1800x1000", 72: "320x320", 73: "320x160", 78: "980x240", 79: "980x300", 80: "980x400", 83: "480x300", 85: "300x120", 90: "548x150", 94: "970x310", 95: "970x100", 96: "970x210", 101: "480x320", 102: "768x1024", 103: "480x280", 105: "250x800", 108: "320x240", 113: "1000x300", 117: "320x100", 125: "800x250", 126: "200x600", 144: "980x600", 145: "980x150", 152: "1000x250", 156: "640x320", 159: "320x250", 179: "250x600", 195: "600x300", 198: "640x360", 199: "640x200", 213: "1030x590", 214: "980x360", 221: "1x1", 229: "320x180", 230: "2000x1400", 232: "580x400", 234: "6x6", 251: "2x2", 256: "480x820", 257: "400x600", 258: "500x200", 259: "998x200", 264: "970x1000", 265: "1920x1080", 274: "1800x200", 278: "320x500", 282: "320x400", 288: "640x380" }; g._each(f, function (e, r) { return f[e] = r; }); var h = { code: "rubicon", gvlid: 52, supportedMediaTypes: [u.b, u.d], isBidRequestValid: function isBidRequestValid(e) { if ("object" !== x(e.params)) return !1; for (var r = 0, t = ["accountId"https://news.google.com/,"siteId"https://news.google.com/,"zoneId"]; r < t.length; r++) { if (e.params[t[r]] = parseInt(e.params[t[r]]), isNaN(e.params[t[r]])) return g.logError("Rubicon: wrong format of accountId or siteId or zoneId."), !1; } var i = m(e, !0); return !!i && ("video" !== i || k(e)); }, buildRequests: function buildRequests(e, u) { var n, r = e.filter(function (e) { return "video" === m(e); }).map(function (e) { e.startTime = new Date().getTime(); var r, t, i = { id: e.transactionId, test: b.b.getConfig("debug") ? 1 : 0, cur: ["USD"], source: { tid: e.transactionId }, tmax: b.b.getConfig("TTL") || 1e3, imp: [{ exp: 300, id: e.adUnitCode, secure: 1, ext: p({}, e.bidder, e.params), video: g.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.video") || {} }], ext: { prebid: { cache: { vastxml: { returnCreative: !1 } }, targeting: { includewinners: !0, includebidderkeys: !1, pricegranularity: j(b.b) }, bidders: { rubicon: { integration: b.b.getConfig("rubicon.int_type") || "pbjs" } } } } }; "rubicon" !== e.bidder && (i.ext.prebid.aliases = p({}, e.bidder, "rubicon")), t = "function" != typeof e.getFloor || b.b.getConfig("rubicon.disableFloors") ? parseFloat(g.deepAccess(e, "params.floor")) : "object" !== x(r = e.getFloor({ currency: "USD", mediaType: "video", size: A(e, "video") })) || "USD" !== r.currency || isNaN(parseInt(r.floor)) ? void 0 : parseFloat(r.floor), isNaN(t) || (i.imp[0].bidfloor = t), i.imp[0].ext[e.bidder].video.size_id = C(e), function (r, t, e) { if (!r) return; "object" === x(b.b.getConfig("app")) ? r.app = b.b.getConfig("app") : r.site = { page: I(t, e) }; "object" === x(b.b.getConfig("device")) && (r.device = b.b.getConfig("device")); t.params.video.language && ["site"https://news.google.com/,"device"].forEach(function (e) { r[e] && (r[e].content = y({ language: t.params.video.language }, r[e].content)); }); }(i, e, u), function (e, r) { "object" === x(e.imp[0].video) && void 0 === e.imp[0].video.skip && (e.imp[0].video.skip = r.params.video.skip); "object" === x(e.imp[0].video) && void 0 === e.imp[0].video.skipafter && (e.imp[0].video.skipafter = r.params.video.skipdelay); "object" === x(e.imp[0].video) && void 0 === e.imp[0].video.pos && ("atf" === r.params.position ? e.imp[0].video.pos = 1 : "btf" === r.params.position && (e.imp[0].video.pos = 3)); var t = A(r, "video"); e.imp[0].video.w = t[0], e.imp[0].video.h = t[1]; }(i, e); var n, o = _(e, "PREBID_SERVER"); o && g.deepSetValue(i, "user.ext.digitrust", o), u.gdprConsent && ("boolean" == typeof u.gdprConsent.gdprApplies && (n = u.gdprConsent.gdprApplies ? 1 : 0), g.deepSetValue(i, "regs.ext.gdpr", n), g.deepSetValue(i, "user.ext.consent", u.gdprConsent.consentString)), u.uspConsent && g.deepSetValue(i, "regs.ext.us_privacy", u.uspConsent), e.userId && "object" === x(e.userId) && (e.userId.tdid || e.userId.pubcid || e.userId.lipb || e.userId.idl_env) && (g.deepSetValue(i, "user.ext.eids", []), e.userId.tdid && i.user.ext.eids.push({ source: "adserver.org", uids: [{ id: e.userId.tdid, ext: { rtiPartner: "TDID" } }] }), e.userId.pubcid && i.user.ext.eids.push({ source: "pubcommon", uids: [{ id: e.userId.pubcid }] }), e.userId.lipb && e.userId.lipb.lipbid && (i.user.ext.eids.push({ source: "liveintent.com", uids: [{ id: e.userId.lipb.lipbid }] }), i.user.ext.tpid = { source: "liveintent.com", uid: e.userId.lipb.lipbid }, Array.isArray(e.userId.lipb.segments) && e.userId.lipb.segments.length && g.deepSetValue(i, "rp.target.LIseg", e.userId.lipb.segments)), e.userId.idl_env && i.user.ext.eids.push({ source: "liveramp.com", uids: [{ id: e.userId.idl_env }] })), !0 === b.b.getConfig("coppa") && g.deepSetValue(i, "regs.coppa", 1), e.schain && T(e.schain) && g.deepSetValue(i, "source.ext.schain", e.schain); var a, s = y({}, e.params.inventory, b.b.getConfig("fpd.context")), d = y({}, e.params.visitor, b.b.getConfig("fpd.user")); g.isEmpty(s) && g.isEmpty(d) || (a = { bidders: [u.bidderCode], config: { fpd: {} } }, g.isEmpty(s) || (a.config.fpd.site = s), g.isEmpty(d) || (a.config.fpd.user = d), g.deepSetValue(i, "ext.prebid.bidderconfig.0", a)); var c = g.deepAccess(e, "fpd.context.pbAdSlot"); return "string" == typeof c && c && g.deepSetValue(i.imp[0].ext, "context.data.adslot", c), e.storedAuctionResponse && g.deepSetValue(i.imp[0], "ext.prebid.storedauctionresponse.id", e.storedAuctionResponse.toString()), g.deepSetValue(i.imp[0], "ext.prebid.auctiontimestamp", u.auctionStart), { method: "POST", url: l, data: i, bidRequest: e }; }); return !0 !== b.b.getConfig("rubicon.singleRequest") ? r.concat(e.filter(function (e) { return "banner" === m(e); }).map(function (e) { var i = h.createSlotParams(e, u); return { method: "GET", url: o, data: h.getOrderedParams(i).reduce(function (e, r) { var t = i[r]; return g.isStr(t) && "" !== t || g.isNumber(t) ? "".concat(e).concat(w(r, t), "&") : e; }, "") + "slots=1&rand=".concat(Math.random()), bidRequest: e }; })) : (n = e.filter(function (e) { return "banner" === m(e); }).reduce(function (e, r) { return (e[r.params.siteId] = e[r.params.siteId] || []).push(r), e; }, {}), r.concat(Object.keys(n).reduce(function (r, e) { var t, i; return t = n[e], i = 10, t.map(function (e, r) { return r % i == 0 ? t.slice(r, r + i) : null; }).filter(function (e) { return e; }).forEach(function (e) { var i = h.combineSlotUrlParams(e.map(function (e) { return h.createSlotParams(e, u); })); r.push({ method: "GET", url: o, data: h.getOrderedParams(i).reduce(function (e, r) { var t = i[r]; return g.isStr(t) && "" !== t || g.isNumber(t) ? "".concat(e).concat(w(r, t), "&") : e; }, "") + "slots=".concat(e.length, "&rand=").concat(Math.random()), bidRequest: e }); }), r; }, []))); }, getOrderedParams: function getOrderedParams(e) { var r = /^tg_v/, t = /^tg_i/, i = ["account_id"https://news.google.com/,"site_id"https://news.google.com/,"zone_id"https://news.google.com/,"size_id"https://news.google.com/,"alt_size_ids"https://news.google.com/,"p_pos"https://news.google.com/,"gdpr"https://news.google.com/,"gdpr_consent"https://news.google.com/,"us_privacy"https://news.google.com/,"rp_schain"https://news.google.com/,"tpid_tdid"https://news.google.com/,"tpid_liveintent.com"https://news.google.com/,"tg_v.LIseg"https://news.google.com/,"dt.id"https://news.google.com/,"dt.keyv"https://news.google.com/,"dt.pref"https://news.google.com/,"rf"https://news.google.com/,"p_geo.latitude"https://news.google.com/,"p_geo.longitude"https://news.google.com/,"kw"].concat(Object.keys(e).filter(function (e) { return r.test(e); })).concat(Object.keys(e).filter(function (e) { return t.test(e); })).concat(["tk_flint"https://news.google.com/,"x_source.tid"https://news.google.com/,"x_source.pchain"https://news.google.com/,"p_screen_res"https://news.google.com/,"rp_floor"https://news.google.com/,"rp_secure"https://news.google.com/,"tk_user_key"]); return i.concat(Object.keys(e).filter(function (e) { return -1 === i.indexOf(e); })); }, combineSlotUrlParams: function combineSlotUrlParams(n) { if (1 === n.length) return n[0]; var i = n.reduce(function (r, t, i) { return Object.keys(t).forEach(function (e) { r.hasOwnProperty(e) || (r[e] = new Array(n.length)), r[e].splice(i, 1, t[e]); }), r; }, {}), o = new RegExp("^([^;]*)(;\1)+$"); return Object.keys(i).forEach(function (e) { var r = i[e].join(";"), t = r.match(o); i[e] = t ? t[1] : r; }), i; }, createSlotParams: function createSlotParams(e, r) { e.startTime = new Date().getTime(); var t, i = e.params, n = A(e, "banner"), o = v(i.latLong || [], 2), a = o[0], s = o[1], d = b.b.getConfig("rubicon.int_type"), c = { account_id: i.accountId, site_id: i.siteId, zone_id: i.zoneId, size_id: n[0], alt_size_ids: n.slice(1).join(",") || void 0, rp_floor: .01 < (i.floor = parseFloat(i.floor)) ? i.floor : .01, rp_secure: "1", tk_flint: "".concat(d || "pbjs_lite"https://news.google.com/,"_v3.23.0"), "x_source.tid": e.transactionId, "x_source.pchain": i.pchain, p_screen_res: [window.screen.width, window.screen.height].join("x"), tk_user_key: i.userId, "p_geo.latitude": isNaN(parseFloat(a)) ? void 0 : parseFloat(a).toFixed(4), "p_geo.longitude": isNaN(parseFloat(s)) ? void 0 : parseFloat(s).toFixed(4), "tg_fl.eid": e.code, rf: I(e, r) }; "function" != typeof e.getFloor || b.b.getConfig("rubicon.disableFloors") || (t = e.getFloor({ currency: "USD", mediaType: "banner", size: "*" }), c.rp_hard_floor = "object" !== x(t) || "USD" !== t.currency || isNaN(parseInt(t.floor)) ? void 0 : t.floor), c.p_pos = "atf" === i.position || "btf" === i.position ? i.position : "", e.userId && (e.userId.tdid && (c.tpid_tdid = e.userId.tdid), e.userId.lipb && e.userId.lipb.lipbid && (c["tpid_liveintent.com"] = e.userId.lipb.lipbid, Array.isArray(e.userId.lipb.segments) && e.userId.lipb.segments.length && (c["tg_v.LIseg"] = e.userId.lipb.segments.join(","))), e.userId.idl_env && (c["tpid_liveramp.com"] = e.userId.idl_env)), r.gdprConsent && ("boolean" == typeof r.gdprConsent.gdprApplies && (c.gdpr = Number(r.gdprConsent.gdprApplies)), c.gdpr_consent = r.gdprConsent.consentString), r.uspConsent && (c.us_privacy = encodeURIComponent(r.uspConsent)); var u = y({}, i.visitor, b.b.getConfig("fpd.user")); Object.keys(u).forEach(function (e) { null != u[e] && "keywords" !== e && (c["tg_v.".concat(e)] = "object" !== x(u[e]) || Array.isArray(u[e]) ? u[e].toString() : JSON.stringify(u[e])); }); var p = y({}, i.inventory, b.b.getConfig("fpd.context")); Object.keys(p).forEach(function (e) { null != p[e] && "keywords" !== e && (c["tg_i.".concat(e)] = "object" !== x(p[e]) || Array.isArray(p[e]) ? p[e].toString() : JSON.stringify(p[e])); }); var l = (i.keywords || []).concat(g.deepAccess(b.b.getConfig("fpd.user"), "keywords") || [], g.deepAccess(b.b.getConfig("fpd.context"), "keywords") || []); c.kw = Array.isArray(l) && l.length ? l.join(",") : ""; var f = g.deepAccess(e, "fpd.context.pbAdSlot"); "string" == typeof f && f && (c["tg_i.dfp_ad_unit_code"] = f.replace(/^/+/, "")); var m = _(e, "FASTLANE"); return y(c, m), !0 === b.b.getConfig("coppa") && (c.coppa = 1), e.schain && T(e.schain) && (c.rp_schain = h.serializeSupplyChain(e.schain)), c; }, serializeSupplyChain: function serializeSupplyChain(e) { if (!T(e)) return ""; var r = e.ver, t = e.complete, i = e.nodes; return "".concat(r, ",").concat(t, "!").concat(h.serializeSupplyChainNodes(i)); }, serializeSupplyChainNodes: function serializeSupplyChainNodes(e) { var t = ["asi"https://news.google.com/,"sid"https://news.google.com/,"hp"https://news.google.com/,"rid"https://news.google.com/,"name"https://news.google.com/,"domain"]; return e.map(function (r) { return t.map(function (e) { return encodeURIComponent(r[e] || ""); }).join(","); }).join("!"); }, interpretResponse: function interpretResponse(d, e) { var c = e.bidRequest; if (!(d = d.body) || "object" !== x(d)) return []; if (d.seatbid) { var r = g.deepAccess(d, "ext.errors.rubicon"); Array.isArray(r) && 0 < r.length && g.logWarn("Rubicon: Error in video response"); var o = []; return d.seatbid.forEach(function (n) { (n.bid || []).forEach(function (e) { var r = { requestId: c.bidId, currency: d.cur || "USD", creativeId: e.crid, cpm: e.price || 0, bidderCode: n.seat, ttl: 300, netRevenue: !1 !== b.b.getConfig("rubicon.netRevenue"), width: e.w || g.deepAccess(c, "mediaTypes.video.w") || g.deepAccess(c, "params.video.playerWidth"), height: e.h || g.deepAccess(c, "mediaTypes.video.h") || g.deepAccess(c, "params.video.playerHeight") }; e.id && (r.seatBidId = e.id), e.dealid && (r.dealId = e.dealid); var t, i = g.deepAccess(d, "ext.responsetimemillis.rubicon"); c && i && (c.serverResponseTimeMs = i), g.deepAccess(e, "ext.prebid.type") === u.d ? (r.mediaType = u.d, (t = g.deepAccess(e, "ext.prebid.targeting")) && "object" === x(t) && (r.adserverTargeting = t), e.ext.prebid.cache && "object" === x(e.ext.prebid.cache.vastXml) && e.ext.prebid.cache.vastXml.cacheId && e.ext.prebid.cache.vastXml.url ? (r.videoCacheKey = e.ext.prebid.cache.vastXml.cacheId, r.vastUrl = e.ext.prebid.cache.vastXml.url) : t && t.hb_uuid && t.hb_cache_host && t.hb_cache_path && (r.videoCacheKey = t.hb_uuid, r.vastUrl = "https://".concat(t.hb_cache_host).concat(t.hb_cache_path, "?uuid=").concat(t.hb_uuid)), e.adm && (r.vastXml = e.adm), e.nurl && (r.vastUrl = e.nurl), !r.vastUrl && e.nurl && (r.vastUrl = e.nurl)) : g.logWarn("Rubicon: video response received non-video media type"), o.push(r); }); }), o; } var t = d.ads; return "object" !== x(c) || Array.isArray(c) || "video" !== m(c) || "object" !== x(t) || (t = t[c.adUnitCode]), !Array.isArray(t) || t.length < 1 ? [] : t.reduce(function (e, r, t) { if ("ok" !== r.status) return e; var i, n, o, a, s = Array.isArray(c) ? c[t] : c; return s && "object" === x(s) ? (i = { requestId: s.bidId, currency: "USD", creativeId: r.creative_id || "".concat(r.network || ""https://news.google.com/,"-").concat(r.advertiser || ""), cpm: r.cpm || 0, dealId: r.deal, ttl: 300, netRevenue: !1 !== b.b.getConfig("rubicon.netRevenue"), rubicon: { advertiserId: r.advertiser, networkId: r.network }, meta: { advertiserId: r.advertiser, networkId: r.network } }, r.creative_type && (i.mediaType = r.creative_type), r.creative_type === u.d ? (i.width = s.params.video.playerWidth, i.height = s.params.video.playerHeight, i.vastUrl = r.creative_depot_url, i.impression_id = r.impression_id, i.videoCacheKey = r.impression_id) : (i.ad = (o = r.script, a = r.impression_id, "n
nnx3c!-- Rubicon Project Ad Tag --x3ennn")), n = v(f[r.size_id].split("x").map(function (e) {
return Number(e);
}), 2), i.width = n[0], i.height = n[1]), i.rubiconTargeting = (Array.isArray(r.targeting) ? r.targeting : []).reduce(function (e, r) {
return e[r.key] = r.values[0], e;
}, {
rpfl_elemid: s.adUnitCode
}), e.push(i)) : g.logError("Rubicon: bidRequest undefined at index position:".concat(t), c, d), e;
}, []).sort(function (e, r) {
return (r.cpm || 0) - (e.cpm || 0);
});
},
getUserSyncs: function getUserSyncs(e, r, t, i) {
if (!R && e.iframeEnabled) {
var n = "";
return t && "string" == typeof t.consentString && ("boolean" == typeof t.gdprApplies ? n += "?gdpr=".concat(Number(t.gdprApplies), "&gdpr_consent=").concat(t.consentString) : n += "?gdpr_consent=".concat(t.consentString)), i && (n += "".concat(n ? "&" : "?"https://news.google.com/,"us_privacy=").concat(encodeURIComponent(i))), R = !0, {
type: "iframe",
url: a + n
};
}
},
transformBidParams: function transformBidParams(e) {
return g.convertTypes({
accountId: "number",
siteId: "number",
zoneId: "number"
}, e);
}
};
function _(e, r) {
var t,
i = 0 < arguments.length && void 0 !== e ? e : {},
n = 1 < arguments.length ? r : void 0;
if (!n || !d[n]) return null;
var o = d[n];
var a = function () {
var e = g.deepAccess(i, "userId.digitrustid.data");
if (e) return e;
var r = window.DigiTrust && (b.b.getConfig("digiTrustId") || window.DigiTrust.getUser({
member: "T9QSFKPDN9"
}));
return r && r.success && r.identity || null;
}();
if (!a || a.privacy && a.privacy.optout) return null;
var s = (p(t = {}, o.id, a.id), p(t, o.keyv, a.keyv), t);
return o.pref && (s[o.pref] = 0), s;
}
function I(e, r) {
var t = b.b.getConfig("pageUrl"),
t = e.params.referrer ? e.params.referrer : t || r.refererInfo.referer;
return e.params.secure ? t.replace(/^http:/i, "https:") : t;
}
function A(e, r) {
var t = e.params;
if ("video" === r) {
var i = [];
return t.video && t.video.playerWidth && t.video.playerHeight ? i = [t.video.playerWidth, t.video.playerHeight] : Array.isArray(g.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.video.playerSize")) && 1 === e.mediaTypes.video.playerSize.length ? i = e.mediaTypes.video.playerSize[0] : Array.isArray(e.sizes) && 0 < e.sizes.length && Array.isArray(e.sizes[0]) && 1 < e.sizes[0].length && (i = e.sizes[0]), i;
}
var n = [];
return Array.isArray(t.sizes) ? n = t.sizes : void 0 !== g.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.banner.sizes") ? n = s(e.mediaTypes.banner.sizes) : Array.isArray(e.sizes) && 0 < e.sizes.length ? n = s(e.sizes) : g.logWarn("Rubicon: no sizes are setup or found"), S(n);
}
function s(e) {
return g.parseSizesInput(e).reduce(function (e, r) {
var t = parseInt(f[r], 10);
return t && e.push(t), e;
}, []);
}
function c(e) {
return "object" === x(g.deepAccess(e, "params.video")) && void 0 !== g.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.".concat(u.d));
}
function m(e, r) {
var t = 1 < arguments.length && void 0 !== r && r;
return c(e) ? -1 === ["outstream"https://news.google.com/,"instream"].indexOf(g.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.".concat(u.d, ".context"))) ? void (t && g.logError("Rubicon: mediaTypes.video.context must be outstream or instream")) : A(e, "video").length < 2 ? void (t && g.logError("Rubicon: could not determine the playerSize of the video")) : (t && g.logMessage("Rubicon: making video request for adUnit", e.adUnitCode), "video") : 0 === A(e, "banner").length ? void (t && g.logError("Rubicon: could not determine the sizes for banner request")) : (t && g.logMessage("Rubicon: making banner request for adUnit", e.adUnitCode), "banner");
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function S(e) {
var n = [15, 2, 9];
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var t = n.indexOf(e),
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});
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function C(e) {
var r = parseInt(g.deepAccess(e, "params.video.size_id"));
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function j(e) {
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ranges: {
low: [{
max: 5,
increment: .5
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medium: [{
max: 20,
increment: .1
}],
high: [{
max: 20,
increment: .01
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max: 5,
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min: 5,
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min: 10,
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increment: .5
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max: 3,
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}, {
min: 3,
max: 8,
increment: .05
}, {
min: 8,
max: 20,
increment: .5
}],
custom: e.getConfig("customPriceBucket") && e.getConfig("customPriceBucket").buckets
}[e.getConfig("priceGranularity")]
};
}
function k(r) {
var t = !0,
e = Object.prototype.toString.call([]),
i = Object.prototype.toString.call(0),
n = {
mimes: e,
protocols: e,
maxduration: i,
linearity: i,
api: e
};
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Object.prototype.toString.call(g.deepAccess(r, "mediaTypes.video." + e)) !== n[e] && (t = !1, g.logError("Rubicon: mediaTypes.video." + e + " is required and must be of type: " + n[e]));
}), t;
}
function T(e) {
var r = !1,
t = ["asi"https://news.google.com/,"sid"https://news.google.com/,"hp"];
return e.nodes && ((r = e.nodes.reduce(function (e, r) {
return e ? t.every(function (e) {
return r[e];
}) : e;
}, !0)) || g.logError("Rubicon: required schain params missing")), r;
}
function w(e, r) {
return "rp_schain" === e ? "rp_schain=".concat(r) : "".concat(e, "=").concat(encodeURIComponent(r));
}
var R = !1;
Object(i.registerBidder)(h);
}
}, [677]);
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719: function _(e, t, r) {
e.exports = r(720);
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720: function _(e, t, r) {
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value: r,
enumerable: !0,
configurable: !0,
writable: !0
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l = Object(y.generateUUID)(),
o = {
code: b,
supportedMediaTypes: [i.b, i.d],
isBidRequestValid: function isBidRequestValid(e) {
if (!e.params) return !1;
if (!e.params.ad_unit && !e.params.placement_id) return !1;
if (!Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.banner") && !Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video")) return !1;
if (Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.banner")) {
if (!Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.banner.sizes") && !e.params.sizes) return !1;
} else if (Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video")) {
if ("outstream" === Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video.context") && !e.params.sizes) return !1;
if ("instream" === Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video.context") && !Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video.playerSize")) return !1;
}
return !0;
},
buildRequests: function buildRequests(e, t) {
var r = e.map(function (e) {
var t = function (e) {
if (e.params.ad_unit) return e.params.ad_unit;
return e.params.placement_id;
}(e);
return /^[/]?[d]+[[/].+[/]?]?$/.test(t) ? (t = "/" === t.charAt(0) ? t : "/" + t, p({}, "".concat(t, "|").concat(e.bidId), "".concat(f(e)).concat(m(e)))) : /^[0-9a-fA-F]{20}$/.test(t) && 20 === t.length ? p({}, e.bidId, "".concat(t, "|").concat(f(e)).concat(m(e))) : void Object(y.logError)("The ad unit code or Sonobi Placement id for slot ".concat(e.bidId, " is invalid"));
}),
n = {};
r.forEach(function (e) {
u(n, e);
});
var i = {
key_maker: JSON.stringify(n),
ref: t.refererInfo.referer,
s: Object(y.generateUUID)(),
pv: l,
vp: v(),
lib_name: "prebid",
lib_v: "3.23.0",
us: 0
};
c.b.getConfig("userSync") && c.b.getConfig("userSync").syncsPerBidder && (i.us = c.b.getConfig("userSync").syncsPerBidder), d.a.canBidderRegisterSync("iframe", b) ? i.ius = 1 : i.ius = 0, Object(y.deepAccess)(e[0], "params.hfa") && (i.hfa = Object(y.deepAccess)(e[0], "params.hfa")), e[0].params.referrer && (i.ref = e[0].params.referrer), t && t.gdprConsent && (i.gdpr = t.gdprConsent.gdprApplies ? "true" : "false", t.gdprConsent.consentString && (i.consent_string = t.gdprConsent.consentString));
var s = function (t) {
var e = function () {
var e = window.DigiTrust && (c.b.getConfig("digiTrustId") || window.DigiTrust.getUser({
member: t
}));
return e && e.success && e.identity || null;
}();
if (!e || e.privacy && e.privacy.optout) return null;
return e;
}("fhnS5drwmH");
s && (i.digid = s.id, i.digkeyv = s.keyv), e[0].schain && (i.schain = JSON.stringify(e[0].schain)), Object(y.deepAccess)(e[0], "userId") && 0 < Object.keys(e[0].userId).length && (i.userid = JSON.stringify(e[0].userId));
var o = e[0].params.keywords;
if (o && (i.kw = o), t && t.uspConsent && (i.us_privacy = t.uspConsent), Object(y.isEmpty)(n)) return null;
var a = "https://apex.go.sonobi.com/trinity.json";
return Object(y.deepAccess)(e[0], "params.bid_request_url") && (a = Object(y.deepAccess)(e[0], "params.bid_request_url")), {
method: "GET",
url: a,
withCredentials: !0,
data: i,
bidderRequests: e
};
},
interpretResponse: function interpretResponse(e, l) {
var f = e.body,
m = [],
v = l.data.ref;
return 0 === Object.keys(f.slots).length || Object.keys(f.slots).forEach(function (e) {
var t = f.slots[e],
r = e.split("|").slice(-1)[0],
n = function (e, t) {
for (var r = 0; r < e.length; r++) {
if (e[r].bidId === t) return e[r];
}
}(l.bidderRequests, r),
i = null;
"video" === t.sbi_ct && (i = "video"https://news.google.com/,"outstream" === Object(y.deepAccess)(n, "mediaTypes.video.context") && (i = "outstream"));
var s,
o,
a,
c,
d,
u,
p,
b = j(i, v);
t.sbi_aid && t.sbi_mouse && t.sbi_size && (a = void 0 === (o = (s = h(t.sbi_size.split("x"), 2))[0]) ? 1 : o, d = void 0 === (c = s[1]) ? 1 : c, u = {
requestId: r,
cpm: Number(t.sbi_mouse),
width: Number(a),
height: Number(d),
ad: b(f.sbi_dc, t.sbi_aid),
ttl: 500,
creativeId: t.sbi_crid || t.sbi_aid,
aid: t.sbi_aid,
netRevenue: !0,
currency: "USD"
}, t.sbi_dozer && (u.dealId = t.sbi_dozer), "video" === i ? (u.mediaType = "video", u.vastUrl = b(f.sbi_dc, t.sbi_aid), delete u.ad, delete u.width, delete u.height) : "outstream" === i && n && (u.mediaType = "video", u.vastUrl = b(f.sbi_dc, t.sbi_aid), u.renderer = function (e, t) {
var r = 2 < arguments.length && void 0 !== arguments[2] ? arguments[2] : {},
n = g.a.install({
id: t.aid,
url: "https://mtrx.go.sonobi.com/sbi_outstream_renderer.js",
config: r,
loaded: !1,
adUnitCode: e
});
try {
n.setRender(O);
} catch (e) {
Object(y.logWarn)("Prebid Error calling setRender on renderer", e);
}
return n.setEventHandlers({
impression: function impression() {
return Object(y.logMessage)("Sonobi outstream video impression event");
},
loaded: function loaded() {
return Object(y.logMessage)("Sonobi outstream video loaded event");
},
ended: function ended() {
Object(y.logMessage)("Sonobi outstream renderer video event");
}
}), n;
}(n.adUnitCode, u, Object(y.deepAccess)(n, "renderer.options")), p = Object(y.deepAccess)(n, "params.sizes"), Array.isArray(p) && Array.isArray(p[0]) && (p = p[0]), p && (u.width = p[0], u.height = p[1])), m.push(u));
}), m;
},
getUserSyncs: function getUserSyncs(e, t) {
var r = [];
try {
e.pixelEnabled && t[0].body.sbi_px.forEach(function (e) {
r.push({
type: e.type,
url: e.url
});
});
} catch (e) {}
return r;
}
};
function f(e) {
return Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.video") ? "" : e.params.sizes ? Object(y.parseSizesInput)(e.params.sizes).join(",") : Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.banner.sizes") ? Object(y.parseSizesInput)(Object(y.deepAccess)(e, "mediaTypes.banner.sizes")).join(",") : e.sizes ? Object(y.parseSizesInput)(e.sizes).join(",") : void 0;
}
function m(e) {
return e.params.floor ? "|f=".concat(e.params.floor) : "";
}
var j = function j(i, s) {
return function (e, t) {
return "video" === i || "outstream" === i ? (r = t, n = s, "https://".concat(e, "apex.go.sonobi.com/vast.xml?vid=").concat(r, "&ref=").concat(encodeURIComponent(n))) : '‘;
var r, n;
};
};
var a = function a(e) {
var r = 0 < arguments.length && void 0 !== e ? e : window;
return function () {
var e = 0 < arguments.length && void 0 !== arguments[0] ? arguments[0] : 0,
t = 1 < arguments.length && void 0 !== arguments[1] ? arguments[1] : Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
return r.innerWidth >= e && r.innerWidth < t;
};
};
function v() {
var e = 0 < arguments.length && void 0 !== arguments[0] ? arguments[0] : window,
t = a(e),
r = 992,
n = 768;
return t(0, 768) ? "mobile" : t(n, r) ? "tablet" : "desktop";
}
function O(i) {
i.renderer.push(function () {
var e = h(i.getSize().split("x"), 2),
t = e[0],
r = e[1],
n = new window.SbiOutstreamRenderer();
n.init({
vastUrl: i.vastUrl,
height: r,
width: t
}), n.setRootElement(i.adUnitCode);
});
}
Object(n.registerBidder)(o);
}
}, [719]);
pbjsChunk([85], {
741: function _(e, r, t) {
e.exports = t(742);
},
742: function _(e, r, t) {
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(r, "__esModule", {
value: !0
}), t.d(r, "spec", function () {
return n;
});
var a = t(1),
d = t(0),
p = 12,
o = 11,
c = 0,
u = 22,
n = {
code: "teads",
supportedMediaTypes: ["video"https://news.google.com/,"banner"],
isBidRequestValid: function isBidRequestValid(e) {
var r,
t,
a = !1;
return void 0 !== e.params && (r = i(d.getValue(e.params, "placementId")), t = i(d.getValue(e.params, "pageId")), a = r && t), a || d.logError("Teads placementId and pageId parameters are required. Bid aborted."), a;
},
buildRequests: function buildRequests(e, r) {
var t = e.map(I),
a = {
referrer: function (e) {
var r = "";
e && e.refererInfo && e.refererInfo.referer && (r = e.refererInfo.referer);
return r;
}(r),
data: t,
deviceWidth: screen.width,
hb_version: "3.23.0"
};
e[0].schain && (a.schain = e[0].schain);
var n,
d,
i,
s = r.gdprConsent;
return r && s && (n = "boolean" == typeof s.gdprApplies, d = "string" == typeof s.consentString, i = n ? function (e, r, t) {
var a = p;
e ? function (e, r) {
return e && 1 === r ? e.hasGlobalScope || e.hasGlobalConsent : !(!e || 2 !== r) && !e.isServiceSpecific;
}(r, t) && (a = o) : a = c;
return a;
}(s.gdprApplies, s.vendorData, s.apiVersion) : u, a.gdpr_iab = {
consent: d ? s.consentString : "",
status: i,
apiVersion: s.apiVersion
}), r && r.uspConsent && (a.us_privacy = r.uspConsent), {
method: "POST",
url: "https://a.teads.tv/hb/bid-request",
data: JSON.stringify(a)
};
},
interpretResponse: function interpretResponse(e) {
var t = [];
return (e = e.body).responses && e.responses.forEach(function (e) {
var r = {
cpm: e.cpm,
width: e.width,
height: e.height,
currency: e.currency,
netRevenue: !0,
ttl: e.ttl,
ad: e.ad,
requestId: e.bidId,
creativeId: e.creativeId,
placementId: e.placementId
};
e.dealId && (r.dealId = e.dealId), t.push(r);
}), t;
}
};
function I(e) {
var r,
t = {},
a = d.getValue(e.params, "placementId"),
n = d.getValue(e.params, "pageId");
return t.sizes = (r = e, d.parseSizesInput(function (e) {
var r = d.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.video.playerSize"),
t = d.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.video.sizes"),
a = d.deepAccess(e, "mediaTypes.banner.sizes");
return d.isArray(a) || d.isArray(r) || d.isArray(t) ? [a, t, r].reduce(function (r, e) {
return d.isArray(e) && (d.isArray(e[0]) ? e.forEach(function (e) {
r.push(e);
}) : r.push(e)), r;
}, []) : e.sizes;
}(r))), t.bidId = d.getBidIdParameter("bidId", e), t.bidderRequestId = d.getBidIdParameter("bidderRequestId", e), t.placementId = parseInt(a, 10), t.pageId = parseInt(n, 10), t.adUnitCode = d.getBidIdParameter("adUnitCode", e), t.auctionId = d.getBidIdParameter("auctionId", e), t.transactionId = d.getBidIdParameter("transactionId", e), t;
}
function i(e) {
return 0 < parseInt(e);
}
Object(a.registerBidder)(n);
}
}, [741]);
pbjsChunk([76], {
761: function _(r, e, t) {
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},
762: function _(r, e, t) {
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(e, "__esModule", {
value: !0
}), t.d(e, "tripleliftAdapterSpec", function () {
return s;
});
var n = t(2),
i = t(1),
o = t(0),
u = t(3);
function p(r) {
return function (r) {
if (Array.isArray(r)) return d(r);
}(r) || function (r) {
if ("undefined" != typeof Symbol && Symbol.iterator in Object(r)) return Array.from(r);
}(r) || function (r, e) {
if (!r) return;
if ("string" == typeof r) return d(r, e);
var t = Object.prototype.toString.call(r).slice(8, -1);
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if ("Map" === t || "Set" === t) return Array.from(r);
if ("Arguments" === t || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t)) return d(r, e);
}(r) || function () {
throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.");
}();
}
function d(r, e) {
(null == e || e > r.length) && (e = r.length);
for (var t = 0, n = new Array(e); t < e; t++) {
n[t] = r[t];
}
return n;
}
var a = !0,
c = null,
s = {
code: "triplelift",
supportedMediaTypes: [n.b],
isBidRequestValid: function isBidRequestValid(r) {
return void 0 !== r.params.inventoryCode;
},
buildRequests: function buildRequests(r, e) {
var t,
n = "https://tlx.3lift.com/header/auction?",
i = function (r) {
var e = {},
t = r[0].schain;
e.imp = r.map(function (r, e) {
return {
id: e,
tagid: r.params.inventoryCode,
floor: r.params.floor,
banner: {
format: r.sizes.filter(l).map(function (r) {
return {
w: r[0],
h: r[1]
};
})
}
};
});
var n = [].concat(p(function (r) {
return f(r, "tdid"https://news.google.com/,"adserver.org"https://news.google.com/,"TDID");
}(r)), p(function (r) {
return f(r, "idl_env"https://news.google.com/,"liveramp.com"https://news.google.com/,"idl");
}(r)), p(function (r) {
return f(r, "criteoId"https://news.google.com/,"criteo.com"https://news.google.com/,"criteoId");
}(r)));
0 < n.length && (e.user = {
ext: {
eids: n
}
});
t && (e.ext = {
schain: t
});
return e;
}(r);
return n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "lib"https://news.google.com/,"prebid"), n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "v"https://news.google.com/,"3.23.0"), e && e.refererInfo && (t = e.refererInfo.referer, n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "referrer", t)), e && e.timeout && (n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "tmax", e.timeout)), e && e.gdprConsent && (void 0 !== e.gdprConsent.gdprApplies && (a = e.gdprConsent.gdprApplies, n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "gdpr", a.toString())), void 0 !== e.gdprConsent.consentString && (c = e.gdprConsent.consentString, n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "cmp_cs", c))), e && e.uspConsent && (n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "us_privacy", e.uspConsent)), !0 === u.b.getConfig("coppa") && (n = o.tryAppendQueryString(n, "coppa", !0)), n.lastIndexOf("&") === n.length - 1 && (n = n.substring(0, n.length - 1)), o.logMessage("tlCall request built: " + n), {
method: "POST",
url: n,
data: i,
bidderRequest: e
};
},
interpretResponse: function interpretResponse(r, e) {
var t = e.bidderRequest;
return (r.body.bids || []).map(function (r) {
return function (r, e) {
var t = {},
n = e.width || 1,
i = e.height || 1,
u = e.deal_id || "",
o = e.crid || "";
0 != e.cpm && e.ad && (t = {
requestId: r.bids[e.imp_id].bidId,
cpm: e.cpm,
width: n,
height: i,
netRevenue: !0,
ad: e.ad,
creativeId: o,
dealId: u,
currency: "USD",
ttl: 300,
tl_source: e.tl_source
});
return t;
}(t, r);
});
},
getUserSyncs: function getUserSyncs(r, e, t, n) {
var i = function (r) {
if (!r) return;
if (r.iframeEnabled) return "iframe";
if (r.pixelEnabled) return "image";
}(r);
if (i) {
var u = "https://eb2.3lift.com/sync?";
return "image" === i && (u = o.tryAppendQueryString(u, "px", 1), u = o.tryAppendQueryString(u, "src"https://news.google.com/,"prebid")), null !== c && (u = o.tryAppendQueryString(u, "gdpr", a), u = o.tryAppendQueryString(u, "cmp_cs", c)), n && (u = o.tryAppendQueryString(u, "us_privacy", n)), [{
type: i,
url: u
}];
}
}
};
function f(r, e, t, n) {
return r.map((o = e, function (r) {
return r && r.userId && r.userId[o];
})).filter(function (r) {
return !!r;
}).map((i = t, u = n, function (r) {
return {
source: i,
uids: [{
id: r,
ext: {
rtiPartner: u
}
}]
};
}));
var i, u, o;
}
function l(r) {
return 2 === r.length && "number" == typeof r[0] && "number" == typeof r[1];
}
Object(i.registerBidder)(s);
}
}, [761]);
pbjsChunk([75], {
763: function _(e, r, t) {
e.exports = t(764);
},
764: function _(e, r, t) {
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(r, "__esModule", {
value: !0
}), t.d(r, "spec", function () {
return v;
});
var m = t(0),
s = t(1),
o = t(10),
c = t(2),
f = "Bid from response has no auid parameter - ",
l = "Bid from response has no adm parameter - ",
p = "Array of bid objects is empty",
g = "Can't find in requested bids the bid with auid - ",
u = "Seatbid array from response has empty item",
y = "Response is empty",
b = "Response has empty seatbid array",
h = "Seatbid from response has no array of bid objects - ",
v = {
code: "trustx",
supportedMediaTypes: [c.b, c.d],
isBidRequestValid: function isBidRequestValid(e) {
return !!e.params.uid;
},
buildRequests: function buildRequests(e, r) {
var a,
o,
p = [],
u = {},
c = {},
f = {},
l = "net";
(e || []).forEach(function (e) {
"gross" === e.params.priceType && (l = "gross"), o = e.bidderRequestId;
var r = e.params.uid,
t = e.adUnitCode;
p.push(r);
var s,
n = m.parseSizesInput(e.sizes);
a || m.isEmpty(e.params.keywords) || (0 < (s = m.transformBidderParamKeywords(e.params.keywords)).length && s.forEach(E), a = s), c[r] || (c[r] = {});
var d = c[r];
d[t] ? d[t].bids.push(e) : d[t] = {
adUnitCode: t,
bids: [e],
parents: []
};
var i = d[t];
n.forEach(function (e) {
f[e] = !0, u[r] || (u[r] = {}), u[r][e] ? u[r][e].push(i) : u[r][e] = [i], i.parents.push({
parent: u[r],
key: e,
uid: r
});
});
});
var t = {
pt: l,
auids: p.join(","),
sizes: m.getKeys(f).join(","),
r: o,
wrapperType: "Prebid_js",
wrapperVersion: "3.23.0"
};
return a && (t.keywords = JSON.stringify(a)), r && (r.refererInfo && r.refererInfo.referer && (t.u = r.refererInfo.referer), r.timeout && (t.wtimeout = r.timeout), r.gdprConsent && (r.gdprConsent.consentString && (t.gdpr_consent = r.gdprConsent.consentString), t.gdpr_applies = "boolean" == typeof r.gdprConsent.gdprApplies ? Number(r.gdprConsent.gdprApplies) : 1), r.uspConsent && (t.us_privacy = r.uspConsent)), {
method: "GET",
url: "https://sofia.trustx.org/hb",
data: m.parseQueryStringParameters(t).replace(/&$/, ""),
bidsMap: u
};
},
interpretResponse: function interpretResponse(e, r, t) {
var s = 2 < arguments.length && void 0 !== t ? t : o.a;
e = e && e.body;
var n,
d = [],
i = r.bidsMap,
a = r.data.pt;
return e ? e.seatbid && !e.seatbid.length && (n = b) : n = y, !n && e.seatbid && e.seatbid.forEach(function (e) {
!function (e, d, r, t, s) {
if (!e) return;
var n;
e.auid || (n = f + JSON.stringify(e));
{
var i, a, o, p, u;
e.adm ? (i = d[e.auid]) ? (a = "".concat(e.w, "x").concat(e.h), i[a] && (o = i[a][0], p = o.bids.shift(), u = {
requestId: p.bidId,
bidderCode: v.code,
cpm: e.price,
width: e.w,
height: e.h,
creativeId: e.auid,
currency: "USD",
netRevenue: "gross" !== r,
ttl: 360,
dealId: e.dealid
}, "video" === e.content_type ? (u.vastXml = e.adm, u.mediaType = c.d, u.adResponse = {
content: u.vastXml
}, p.renderer || p.mediaTypes && p.mediaTypes.video && "outstream" !== p.mediaTypes.video.context || (u.renderer = function (e, r) {
var t = r.install({
id: e.id,
url: e.url,
loaded: !1
});
try {
t.setRender(w);
} catch (e) {
m.logWarn("Prebid Error calling setRender on renderer", e);
}
return t;
}({
id: p.bidId,
url: "https://acdn.adnxs.com/video/outstream/ANOutstreamVideo.js"
}, s))) : (u.ad = e.adm, u.mediaType = c.b), t.push(u), o.bids.length || o.parents.forEach(function (e) {
var r = e.parent,
t = e.key,
s = e.uid,
n = r[t].indexOf(o);
-1 < n && r[t].splice(n, 1), r[t].length || (delete r[t], m.getKeys(r).length || delete d[s]);
}))) : n = g + e.auid : n = l + JSON.stringify(e);
}
n && m.logError(n);
}(function (e) {
e ? e.bid ? e.bid[0] || m.logError(p) : m.logError(h + JSON.stringify(e)) : m.logError(u);
return e && e.bid && e.bid[0];
}(e), i, a, d, s);
}), n && m.logError(n), d;
},
getUserSyncs: function getUserSyncs(e) {
if (e.pixelEnabled) return [{
type: "image",
url: "https://sofia.trustx.org/push_sync"
}];
}
};
function E(e) {
var r;
r = e.value, m.isArray(r) && 0 < r.length && "" === e.value[0] && delete e.value;
}
function w(e) {
e.renderer.push(function () {
window.ANOutstreamVideo.renderAd({
targetId: e.adUnitCode,
adResponse: e.adResponse
});
});
}
Object(s.registerBidder)(v);
}
}, [763]);
pbjs.processQueue();
}, {}];
window.modules["via.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";
DS.service("via", function () {
"use strict"; // remove `via` from url, to be used after amplitude logs it to prevent users from sharing such urls
function removeFromLocation() {
var url = new URL(location.href);
url.searchParams.delete("via");
history.replaceState(null, "", url.toString());
} // and add `via` param to any outbound links
function addViaToUrl(href, via) {
if (!href || href.substr(0, 1) === "#") {
return href; // don't add to jumps on the current page, e.g. "Skip to main content"
}
var url = new URL(href);
var apexDomain = new URL(location.href).hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".");
if (url.hostname.indexOf(apexDomain) === -1) {
return href; // don't add it to external links
}
url.searchParams.set("via", via);
return url.toString();
} // keys correspond to "page_types" in editable_components.yml
var PREFIXES = {
article: "article",
homepage: "homepage",
"vertical front": "section",
"rubric front": "rubric"
};
var pageType;
function setPageType(amplitudePageType) {
pageType = PREFIXES[amplitudePageType];
}
var DELIMITER = "_";
function concatVia(node, via) {
var tag = node.dataset && node.dataset.via;
if (tag) {
via = (via.length ? tag + DELIMITER : tag) + via;
}
return via;
}
function addToClickedLinks() {
document.documentElement.addEventListener("click", function (e) {
var a;
var via = ""; // detect link nodes and collect via directives to append to the href
var node = e.target; // the element where this event originated may have been removed from the dom, e.g. in the case of the OIL CMP which disappears after you interact with it
while (node && node !== e.currentTarget) {
if (node.tagName === "A") {
a = node;
}
via = concatVia(node, via);
node = node.parentNode;
}
if (a && via) {
if (pageType) {
via = pageType + DELIMITER + via;
}
a.href = addViaToUrl(a.href, via);
}
});
}
function addToSubmittedForms() {
document.documentElement.addEventListener("submit", function (e) {
var form = e.target; // collect via directives
var via = "";
var node = e.target;
while (node !== e.currentTarget) {
via = concatVia(node, via);
node = node.parentNode;
}
if (via) {
if (pageType) {
via = pageType + DELIMITER + via;
} // dynamically create a hidden input for the form url
var input = document.createElement("input");
input.type = "hidden";
input.name = "via";
input.value = via;
form.appendChild(input);
}
});
} // start listening only once, when first injected
addToClickedLinks();
addToSubmittedForms();
return {
setPageType: setPageType,
removeFromLocation: removeFromLocation
};
});
}, {}];
window.modules["visibility.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";
DS.service("$visibility", ["$document"https://news.google.com/,"$window"https://news.google.com/,"_throttle"https://news.google.com/,"Eventify", function ($document, $window, _throttle, Eventify) {
var list = [],
Visible,
VisibleEvent;
/**
* @param {number} a
* @param {number} b
* @returns {*}
* @see http://jsperf.com/math-min-vs-if-condition-vs/8
*/
function min(a, b) {
return a < b ? a : b;
}
/**
* @param {number} a
* @param {number} b
* @returns {*}
* @see http://jsperf.com/math-min-vs-if-condition-vs/8
*/
function max(a, b) {
return a > b ? a : b;
}
/**
* Fast loop through watched elements
*/
function onScroll() {
list.forEach(updateVisibility);
}
/**
* updates seen property
* @param {Visble} item
* @param {{}} evt
* @fires Visible#shown
* @fires Visible#hidden
*/
function updateSeen(item, evt) {
var px = evt.visiblePx,
percent = evt.visiblePercent; // if some pixels are visible and we’re greater/equal to threshold
if (px && percent >= item.shownThreshold && !item.seen) {
item.seen = true;
setTimeout(function () {
item.trigger(“shown”, new VisibleEvent(“shown”, evt));
}, 15); // if no pixels or percent is less than threshold
} else if ((!px || percent < item.hiddenThreshold) && item.seen) {
item.seen = false;
setTimeout(function () {
item.trigger("hidden", new VisibleEvent("hidden", evt));
}, 15);
}
}
/**
* sets preload property
* @param {Visible} item
* @param {{}} evt
* @param {Number} innerHeight
* @fires Visible#preload
*/
function updatePreload(item, evt, innerHeight) {
if (!item.preload && item.preloadThreshhold && shouldBePreloaded(evt.target, evt.rect, item.preloadThreshhold, innerHeight)) {
item.preload = true;
setTimeout(function () {
item.trigger("preload", new VisibleEvent("preload", evt));
}, 15);
}
}
/**
* Trigger events
* @param {Visible} item
*/
function updateVisibility(item) {
var rect = item.el.getBoundingClientRect(),
innerHeight = $window.innerHeight || $document.documentElement.clientHeight,
px = getVerticallyVisiblePixels(rect, innerHeight),
percent = px / (rect.height || innerHeight),
evt = {
target: item.el,
rect: rect,
visiblePx: px,
visiblePercent: percent
};
updateSeen(item, evt);
updatePreload(item, evt, innerHeight);
}
/**
* Return normalized viewport height
* @return {number}
*/
function getViewportHeight() {
return $window.innerHeight || $document.documentElement.clientHeight || $document.body.clientHeight;
}
/**
* Return normalized viewport width
* @return {number}
*/
function getViewportWidth() {
return $window.innerWidth || $document.documentElement.clientWidth || $document.body.clientWidth;
}
/**
* make sure an element isn't hidden by styles or etc
* @param {Element} el
* @return {Boolean}
*/
function isElementNotHidden(el) {
return el && el.offsetParent !== null && !el.getAttribute("hidden") && getComputedStyle(el).display !== "none" && getComputedStyle(el).visibility !== "hidden";
}
/**
* Apparently the fastest way...
* @param {Element} el
* @returns {boolean}
* @example if (!$visibility.isElementInViewport(el)) { ... }
*/
function isElementInViewport(el) {
var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
return rect.top >= 0 && rect.left >= 0 && rect.bottom <= ($window.innerHeight || $document.documentElement.clientHeight) && rect.right <= ($window.innerWidth || $document.documentElement.clientWidth);
}
/**
* @param {Element} el
* @param {ClientRect} rect
* @param {Number} preloadThreshhold
* @param {Number} innerHeight
* @return {Boolean}
*/
function shouldBePreloaded(el, rect, preloadThreshhold, innerHeight) {
return rect.top <= innerHeight + preloadThreshhold && isElementNotHidden(el);
}
/**
* Create a one-dimensional spacial hash of x
* @param {number} x
* @param {number} stepSize
* @param {number} optimalK
* @param {number} base
* @return {number}
*/
function getLinearSpacialHash(x, stepSize, optimalK, base) {
var index = Math.floor(x / (stepSize || 1)),
remainder = x % stepSize,
result = index.toString(base);
if (optimalK > 1) {
result += getLinearSpacialHash(remainder, Math.floor(stepSize / base), optimalK – 1, base);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @param {ClientRect} rect
* @param {number} innerHeight
* @returns {number}
*/
function getVerticallyVisiblePixels(rect, innerHeight) {
return min(innerHeight, max(rect.bottom, 0)) – min(max(rect.top, 0), innerHeight);
}
/**
* Get offset of element relative to entire page
*
* @param {Element} el
* @returns {{left: number, top: number}}
* @see http://jsperf.com/offset-vs-getboundingclientrect/7
*/
function getPageOffset(el) {
var offsetLeft = el.offsetLeft,
offsetTop = el.offsetTop;
while (el = el.offsetParent) {
offsetLeft += el.offsetLeft;
offsetTop += el.offsetTop;
}
return {
left: offsetLeft,
top: offsetTop
};
}
/**
* Create a new Visible class to observe when elements enter and leave the viewport
*
* Call destroy function to stop listening (this is until we have better support for watching for Node Removal)
* @param {Element} el
* @param {{shownThreshold: number, hiddenThreshold: number}} [options]
* @class
* @example this.visible = new $visibility.Visible(el);
*/
Visible = function Visible(el, options) {
options = options || {};
this.el = el;
this.seen = false;
this.preload = false;
this.preloadThreshhold = options && options.preloadThreshhold || 0;
this.shownThreshold = options && options.shownThreshold || 0;
this.hiddenThreshold = options && min(options.shownThreshold, options.hiddenThreshold) || 0;
list.push(this);
updateVisibility(this); // set immediately to visible or not
};
Visible.prototype = {
/**
* Stop triggering.
*/
destroy: function destroy() {
// remove from list
list.splice(list.indexOf(this), 1);
}
/**
* @name Visible#on
* @function
* @param {‘shown’|’hidden’} e EventName
* @param {function} cb Callback
*/
/**
* @name Visible#trigger
* @function
* @param {‘shown’|’hidden’} e
* @param {{}}
*/
};
Eventify.enable(Visible.prototype);
VisibleEvent = function VisibleEvent(type, options) {
var _this = this;
this.type = type;
Object.keys(options).forEach(function (key) {
_this[key] = options[key];
});
}; // listen for scroll events (throttled)
$document.addEventListener(“scroll”, _throttle(onScroll, 200)); // public
this.getPageOffset = getPageOffset;
this.getLinearSpacialHash = getLinearSpacialHash;
this.getVerticallyVisiblePixels = getVerticallyVisiblePixels;
this.getViewportHeight = getViewportHeight;
this.getViewportWidth = getViewportWidth;
this.isElementNotHidden = isElementNotHidden;
this.isElementInViewport = isElementInViewport;
this.Visible = Visible;
}]);
}, {}];
require=(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require==”function”&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error(“Cannot find module ‘”+o+”‘”);throw f.code=”MODULE_NOT_FOUND”,f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require==”function”&&require;for(var o=0;o
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