This article explores the national security implications of advances in satellite rendezvous and proximity operations and on-orbit servicing technology. It illustrates how the dual-use nature of these technologies, their proliferation as a result of military requirements and changing commercial markets, and the absence of a set of rules governing behavior have transformed the security environment. With the re-emergence of great power competition, and the increasing number of state and non-state actors in space, the potential instability caused by these emerging technologies could have profound effects on global peace and stability.

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