India is quite demographically diverse and no two regions experience the same weather conditions. While geographically, this is not a problem, when it comes to vaccine distribution and administration, temperature and heat can create problems in the long run. Vaccines need to be stored at an optimum temperature ( as low as -70 degree celsius) in a cool setting, whereas most facilities in India are said to be equipped to operate at a maximum of -40 degree celsius. Lack of proper operational facilities and insufficient storage conditions can affect the feasibility and efficacy rates of a vaccine.

There are other strategic issues which could impact delivery. Some vaccines, such as the ones made using mRNA technology need to be stored in extremely cold temperatures, which can’t be made available in every region. Similarly, some are made available in powder form, which needs to be administered in a different manner than traditional vaccines.