The printed circuit board meeting, the digital camera module, the touch-screen show and the glass cowl.

Together, they account for three-fourths of the bill-of-materials price of a smartphone. Vietnam, the world’s second-biggest exporter of handsets after China, sources these and most different parts at zero tariffs from free-trade companions. But India, which has few such accords of its personal however continues to be eager to emulate the manufacturing powerhouse in its neighborhood, has customs duties as excessive as 22%.