Invasive species launched by people to new areas can be markers, the scientists mentioned. The inadvertent import of alien species within the ballast water of ships arriving in San Francisco from Asia remodeled the San Francisco Bay. “There was a point where 98 percent of the mass of all of the animal species in the bay were actually invasive,” Waters mentioned. Pollen from launched plant species, such because the timber utilized in business forestry, also can report change.

Chemical and metallic air pollution present up in sediments too, mentioned Turner: “The Green Revolution was based on artificial fertilizers and pesticides, and so you see that in sediment cores. The whole cocktail of industrial chemicals just exploded postwar.” Whether the chemical compounds persist within the atmosphere lengthy sufficient to be markers of the Anthropocene stays to be decided.

The 12 potential places for the positioning that may outline the brand new epoch all show a few of the markers, however they’re very diversified. “Because the Anthropocene has not been formally accepted, we’re still trying to prove to people that this is not something localized, it is something you find and correlate in a whole host of different environments,” mentioned Waters.

“They all illustrate this dramatic Anthropocene transformation very well. But the sites which really stand out are the ones where you can actually see an annual resolution of layers,” mentioned Turner, together with a few of the lake, coral, and polar ice websites. “It’s quite astonishing that these sites detail planetary changes at annual resolutions.”

All have professionals and cons. The 32-meter-long Palmer ice core from the Antarctic Peninsula is the longest report of the Anthropocene, however its distant location means the hint of a few of the markers is usually faint. The Baltic Sea sediments swap from pale to black because the Anthropocene begins. This is brought on by pollution-fueled algal blooms sucking all of the oxygen out of the water. But the sediments wouldn’t have annual laminations. The archeological web site in central Vienna offers a 200-year report, dated by artefacts, however has gaps within the report due to redevelopments.

The alternative of web site, and due to this fact the official time and place for the daybreak of the Anthropocene, is within the fingers of the 23 voting members of the AWG, however it should then must be handed by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, then the International Commission on Stratigraphy, and at last be ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. There is a deadline too: the International Geological Congress in South Korea in 2024, when the mandate of the AWG expires. “It’s been pretty much stated that we’ve got until then to get this done,” mentioned Waters.

Naomi Oreskes, a professor at Harvard University and a nonvoting AWG member, mentioned: “As geologists, we were trained to think that humans were insignificant. That was once true, but it no longer is. The evidence compiled by the AWG demonstrates beyond any doubt that the human footprint is now in evidence in rocks and sediments. The Anthropocene is primarily a scientific concept, but it also highlights the cultural, political, and economic implications of our actions.”

UCL’s Mark Maslin, who coauthored The Human Planet with Simon Lewis, mentioned: “I think the Anthropocene is a critical philosophical term, because it allows you to think about what impact we are having, and what impact we want to have in the future.”

Maslin and Lewis beforehand proposed 1610 as the beginning of the Anthropocene, representing the large and lethal influence European colonists had on the Americas and consequently the world. But Maslin mentioned agreeing on a definition was extra necessary than exactly the place it’s positioned.

“Up until now, we have talked about things like climate change, the biodiversity crisis, the pollution crisis as separate things,” he mentioned. “The key concept of the Anthropocene is to put that all together and say humans have a huge impact on the earth, we are the new geological superpower. That holistic approach then allows you to say: ‘What do we do about it?’”