Each time the South Korean males’s soccer group scored in opposition to Singapore throughout a current 5-0 rout in a World Cup qualifier, the roar from the house crowd got here largely from ladies, who held almost two-thirds of the tickets to the match.

In the Seoul stadium that November day, a billboard-size banner for the star striker Son Heung-min had been made by a women-only group. A banner for one in all his teammates — “Cho Gue-sung wins the day” — had been signed by a membership known as “Women Rooting for Cho Gue-sung’s Pursuit of Happiness.”

The scene illustrated a indisputable fact that has puzzled consultants in one of many world’s most patriarchal societies: In sports activities, South Korean ladies typically outnumber males within the stands.

Women right here make up 55 p.c of followers at skilled sporting occasions, together with baseball, basketball, soccer and volleyball, in keeping with a 2022 estimate by the Korea Professional Sports Association. Similar estimates for main sports activities within the United States put the determine at lower than half for ladies. In Britain and Australia, that quantity drops to 1 / 4 or much less.

Fans and sports activities consultants attribute South Korea’s excessive charge of feminine fandom partly to the sense of safety on the nation’s sports activities venues. Others say it’s influenced by a nationwide fan tradition powered by intense worship of stars, who’re in some circumstances heartthrobs.

“People don’t think of the players as athletes, but as celebrities,” stated Yim Subin, 24, who attends video games and fan meet-ups, and watches baseball on TV daily of the season. “It’s not much different from the way K-pop fans follow their idols.”

In South Korea, the place fashionable sports activities like baseball and soccer have been launched within the late nineteenth century, skilled leagues have been a product of brisk financial progress that started within the Nineteen Sixties and created a big center class. The leagues matured in tandem with the internet hosting of main worldwide competitions, together with the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 2002 males’s World Cup.

Women have lengthy been a part of a South Korean fan base that considers following sports activities a nationwide pastime, glorifying elite (and normally male) athletes who compete overseas. In the Nineteen Seventies, the person of the second was Cha Bum-kun, who scored 98 targets for 2 golf equipment in Germany’s high soccer league. Now the sports activities idol is Son, a striker for Tottenham Hotspur within the English Premier League.

Female followers have been current at home competitions for simply as lengthy. In the Nineteen Nineties, younger ladies packed school basketball stands, stated Dae Hee Kwak, an affiliate professor of sport administration on the University of Michigan. He stated they have been often known as “oppa budae,” or armies cheering for male stars they name “oppa,” an affectionate time period that Korean ladies use for an older man.

One rationalization for South Korea’s excessive charge of feminine fandom is that its arenas are protected locations to observe a sport. A rising variety of venues now provide family-friendly facilities, together with youngsters’s playrooms.

In that environment, combating and different expressions of hooliganism are more and more uncommon, stated Cho Yijin, a postdoctoral researcher at Yonsei University in Seoul.

“There’s less smoking, drinking and swearing than before,” she stated. “There’s a friendlier vibe.”

Another issue, consultants say, is the extreme home fan tradition that permeates the nation’s leisure tradition.

The meteoric rise of worldwide curiosity in South Korean movies, dramas and music over the previous decade or so created a passionate fan base round celebrities whose success is seen as a mark of nationwide pleasure.

Now the identical slang that describes how superfans worship such idols — “deok-jil,” or “fangirling” — is broadly used for sports activities. Fan ladies journey throughout the nation to attend video games, ship espresso vans to follow as a present of help and snap images of gamers with highly effective zoom lenses from front-row seats.

The groups’ advertising departments have seen. There is not any scarcity of merchandise for ladies, together with jerseys and headbands. And within the nation’s high soccer league, the group Daejeon Hana Citizen hosts an newbie “Queen’s Cup” for its feminine followers.

Eunji Shin, 43, who attends a number of baseball video games every week and takes copious notes on area technique, as soon as adopted her favourite group, the Doosan Bears of Seoul, to its spring coaching camp in Japan. She additionally helped take out a newspaper advert with a thank-you be aware to a retiring pitcher.

Shin stated there was a “lower barrier to entry” for following baseball gamers than leisure celebrities for a easy cause: It’s simpler to get bodily nearer to them.

In her expertise, the one individuals who carry cameras to video games are ladies. “Men don’t do that,” she added, “except the few who want to photograph the cheerleaders.”

The rise of ladies as sports activities followers in South Korea has not led to gender parity on courts or fields, or in teaching rooms. Sports consultants say that’s partly as a result of South Korea has no anti-discrimination legislation, a lot much less laws like Title IX, the landmark U.S. legislation from 1972 that considerably expanded ladies’ entry to sports activities.

For many feminine followers, seeing different ladies within the stands offers them a way of belonging and solidarity, stated NaRi Shin, an assistant professor of sport administration on the University of Michigan and a freestyle snowboarder.

Several feminine followers stated that, whereas male gamers had been their gateway to sports activities, they finally developed a deeper appreciation of the sport itself.

Celine Lim, 39, stated she began watching Kim Byung-hyun, a Korean pitcher, play for the Boston Red Sox when she was dwelling within the United States partly as a result of she was drawn to his “bad boy” persona. She saved watching his Korean group, the Kiwoom Heroes, play nearly each sport even after he retired.

Han Nagyeong, 26, stated her curiosity in soccer deepened whereas watching Son play for Tottenham Hotspur. Now, whilst a busy college pupil, she makes time to observe every participant on the group. She stated she has a number of associates whose fandom has taken the same flip.

“Gradually, they became more sincere about the sport itself than anyone else,” she stated.