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Highlights
- The first case of reinfection was documented in Hong Kong
- Vaccines are basically weakened forms of viruses: Expert
- Total number of global COVID-19 cases crosses 24 million
New Delhi: The first documented instance of coronavirus reinfection came from Hong Kong this week followed quickly by Belgium and the Netherlands reporting one case each, but there is no reason for alarm yet, say scientists, calming fears that a surge might be inevitable. As concerns mount that herd immunity may not be enough to curb the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists in India and elsewhere said more studies are needed for a reliable inference. Wide conclusions cannot be drawn about reinfection from individual cases, noted Belgian virologist Marc Van Ranst told PTI on the three cases reported this week.
Also Read: India Crosses 3 Million COVID-19 Cases, Top Doctors Explain The Spike In Numbers
Since we do not yet know how frequent reinfections are, it is difficult to say what these findings mean for the success of a vaccination campaign, Mr. Ranst, a clinical biologist at the academic hospital UZ Leuven in Belgium, told PTI, addressing worries that reinfection might also impact the vaccination programme.
As the number of COVID-19 cases across the globe crosses 24 million with more than 820,000 fatalities, reports of scientists from the University of Hong Kong documenting the world’s first case of human reinfection created a flutter.
On Wednesday, a study in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases assessed the case of a “young and healthy” patient who was diagnosed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 142 days after recovering from the first episode. According to the researchers, the viral genomes analysed from the patient following the first and second episodes of infection belonged to two different strains or clades, indicating the patient caught a different variant of the virus after recovering from it the first time.
Following the report from Hong Kong – the case was reported in the media on Monday but the research paper was published on Wednesday — two similar reports emerged, one each from Belgium and the Netherlands. The scientists in the Hong Kong study said it may not be possible to curb the ongoing pandemic with herd immunity, which is when a significant section of the population has recovered and gained immunity against a disease.
Our results suggest SARS-CoV-2 may continue to circulate among the human populations despite herd immunity due to natural infection or vaccination, the scientists noted in the study, adding that further research is needed to shed more light on the implications of reinfection for vaccine design.
Also Read: Coronavirus Outbreak Explained: How To Care For A COVID-19 Patient Safely At Home?
Immunologist Satyajit Rath asserted that conclusions on the immune system working against the virus cannot be made from individual patient case studies.
We do not know anything about the interactions of immunity and reinfection in such patients. Especially since there appear to be only three such confirmed cases so far, Mr. Rath, from National Institute of Immunology (NII) in New Delhi, told PTI.
Ram Vishwakarma, former director of Jammu’s Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), explained that the human immune system is way too complex to make broad statements on reinfection from individual patient studies.
Every individual is immunologically different. This can be because of different inherent genetic reasons, or they could be on drugs that suppress the immune system, and the history of the individual cases makes a difference, Mr. Vishwakarma told PTI.
Commenting on the significance of the study for vaccine discovery, he said any vaccine, irrespective of the current findings, may not be completely protective against infection in all humans.
Vaccines are basically weakened forms of viruses, and we know already that there is no vaccine which is 100 per cent protective, and they may not have a similar effect on all people, Mr. Vishwakarma noted.
Similarly, natural immunity against the virus may also not be protective to the same extent and in the same way in all people.
Because the idea of a vaccine is to confer immunity to individuals via a complex web of protection with antibodies, and cells of the immune system, Mr. Vishwakarma said.
So, a person infected with the virus for the first time, or receiving a vaccine, may not have major protective function from antibodies but may have better immunity via the immune system’s T cells. However, this may not be the case with another individual.
A large number of people may not develop antibodies, and that doesn’t mean it is the only protection. Biologically, people may be same but immunologically everybody is different, the former IIIM director said.
According to Mr. Vishwakarma, the science behind the complexity of the immune system is still not very clear with several pieces of the puzzle remaining to be solved. What are the long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and what are the correlations of such consequences with the level of the initial illness, and/or with the nature and extent of co-morbidities, are just some questions to be addressed in future studies, according to Mr. Rath.
He said the long-term consequences of infection, with respect to antibodies as well as the cells of the immune system such as the memory B and T cell responses, are also unknown. According to the NII immunologist, the relationship between these immune responses with actual infection or disease protection remains to be discovered. Mr. Rath noted that scientists still do not completely understand what the correlations of these immune consequences are to the level of the initial illness.
There is no need to be alarmed, but we must not be complacent, Mr. Vishwakarma added.
Also Read: COVID-19 Explainer: What Is Far UV-C Light, And Can It Kill The Coronavirus On Surfaces?
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
NDTV – Dettol Banega Swasth India campaign is an extension of the five-year-old Banega Swachh India initiative helmed by Campaign Ambassador Amitabh Bachchan. It aims to spread awareness about critical health issues facing the country. In wake of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the need for WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) is reaffirmed as handwashing is one of the ways to prevent Coronavirus infection and other diseases. The campaign highlights the importance of nutrition and healthcare for women and children to prevent maternal and child mortality, fight malnutrition, stunting, wasting, anaemia and disease prevention through vaccines. Importance of programmes like Public Distribution System (PDS), Mid-day Meal Scheme, POSHAN Abhiyan and the role of Aganwadis and ASHA workers are also covered. Only a Swachh or clean India where toilets are used and open defecation free (ODF) status achieved as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, can eradicate diseases like diahorrea and become a Swasth or healthy India. The campaign will continue to cover issues like air pollution, waste management, plastic ban, manual scavenging and sanitation workers and menstrual hygiene.
World
2,44,50,763Cases
76,21,992Active
1,59,97,196Recovered
8,31,575Deaths
Coronavirus has spread to 188 countries. The total confirmed cases worldwide are 2,44,50,763 and 8,31,575 have died; 76,21,992 are active cases and 1,59,97,196 have recovered as on August 28, 2020 at 3:48 am.
India
33,87,500 77266Cases
7,42,023 16032Active
25,83,948 60177Recovered
61,529 1057Deaths
In India, there are 33,87,500 confirmed cases including 61,529 deaths. The number of active cases is 7,42,023 and 25,83,948 have recovered as on August 28, 2020 at 2:30 am.
State & District Details
| State | Cases | Active | Recovered | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DistrictCases Akola757 Aurangabad1974 Dhule228 Jalgaon1039 Mumbai45478 Mumbai Suburban5363 Nagpur692 Nashik1575 Palghar1421 Pune9920 Satara629 Solapur1291 Thane13660 Yavatmal150 Ahmednagar190 Amravati291 Beed54 Bhandara41 Buldhana88 Chandrapur32 Hingoli208 Jalna201 Kolhapur646 Latur139 Nanded176 Nandurbar42 Parbhani78 Raigad1462 Ratnagiri350 Sangli145 Gadchiroli42 gondia69 Osmanabad125 Sindhudurg114 Wardha11 Washim13 |
733568 14857 |
178561 5366 |
531563 9136 |
23444 355 |
|
DistrictCases Chittoor319 Guntur511 Krishna557 Kurnool795 Sri Potti Sriramulu Nell*296 Anantapur428 East Godavari356 Prakasam104 Srikakulam183 Visakhapatnam103 West Godavari199 Y.S.R.205 Vizianagaram23 |
393090 10621 |
94209 2001 |
295248 8528 |
3633 92 |
|
DistrictCases Bengaluru Rural40 Bengaluru Urban529 Mysuru107 Bagalkote103 Ballari60 Belagavi337 Bidar219 Chikkaballapura149 Dakshina Kannada179 Dharwad61 Gadag45 Kalaburagi669 Mandya346 Tumakuru36 Uttara Kannada95 Vijayapura201 Chamarajanagara0 Chikkamagaluru19 Chitradurga14 Davangere204 Hassan205 Haveri24 Kodagu4 Kolar29 Koppal5 Raichur369 Ramanagara3 Shivamogga67 Udupi1176 Yadgir538 |
309792 9386 |
85006 1379 |
219554 7866 |
5232 141 |
|
DistrictCases North Goa57 South Goa69 |
15483 456 |
3445 94 |
11867 356 |
171 6 |
|
DistrictCases Chengalpattu1314 Chennai23324 Kanchipuram503 Madurai322 Namakkal83 Ranipet133 Thanjavur130 Thiruvallur774 Thiruvarur67 Tiruppur116 Vellore71 Virudhunagar185 Ariyalur444 Coimbatore188 Cuddalore477 Dharmapuri15 Dindigul175 Erode75 Kallakurichi324 Kanniyakumari110 Karur88 Nagapattinam99 Perambalur133 Pudukkottai53 Ramanathapuram119 Salem258 Sivaganga46 Tenkasi103 The Nilgiris17 Theni129 Tiruchirappalli119 Tirunelveli433 Tirupathur45 Tiruvannamalai496 Tuticorin333 Villupuram509 Krishnagiri43 |
403242 5981 |
52364 2 |
343930 5870 |
6948 109 |
|
DistrictCases Kannur357 Kottayam73 Alappuzha76 Idukki40 Kasaragod333 Kollam118 Kozhikode90 Malappuram119 Palakkad224 Pathanamthitta98 Thiruvananthapuram104 Thrissur106 Ernakulam60 Wayanad36 |
66761 2406 |
22737 329 |
43757 2067 |
267 10 |
|
DistrictCases Raipur46 Korba100 Balod41 Baloda Bazar85 Balrampur17 Bastar2 Bemetara21 Bijapur2 Bilaspur100 Dantewada0 Dhamtari6 Durg31 Gariyaband10 Janjgir-Champa56 Jashpur77 Kabirdham52 Kanker19 Kondagaon0 Korea39 Mahasamund54 Mungeli87 Narayanpur0 Raigarh47 Rajnandgaon52 Sukma0 Surajpur9 Surguja14 |
25988 1438 |
11136 962 |
14607 462 |
245 14 |
|
DistrictCases Hyderabad2475 MedchalMalkajgiri75 Ranga Reddy183 Suryapet87 Vikarabad40 Warangal Urban32 Adilabad22 Jagitial77 Jangoan8 Jayashankar Bhupalapally9 Jogulamba Gadwal40 Kamareddy11 Karimnagar17 Khammam26 Kumuram Bheem Asifabad8 Mahabubnagar30 Mancherial43 Medak11 Nalgonda33 Narayanpet3 Nirmal21 Nizamabad76 RajannaSircilla16 Sangareddy26 Bhadradri Kothagudem5 Mahabubabad10 Mulugu3 Nagarkurnool8 Peddapalli5 Siddipet7 Wanaparthy1 Warangal Rural4 YadadriBhuvanagiri40 |
117415 2932 |
28941 1341 |
87675 1580 |
799 11 |
|
DistrictCases Baleshwar190 Bhadrak137 Jajapur322 Dhenkanal36 Kalahandi33 Kendrapara164 Khordha238 Koraput16 Sundargarh102 Anugul26 Balangir129 Bargarh16 Boudh34 Cuttack155 Deogarh33 Gajapati61 Ganjam581 Jagatsinghapur91 Jharsuguda8 Kandhamal28 Kendujhar34 Malkangiri20 Mayurbhanj73 Nabarangpur2 Nayagarh86 Nuapada69 Puri103 Rayagada2 Sambalpur16 Sonepur29 |
90986 3384 |
25215 867 |
65323 2510 |
448 7 |
|
DistrictCases Barwani60 Bhopal1880 Dewas140 Dhar132 East Nimar266 Gwalior211 Indore3839 Jabalpur276 Ujjain799 Agar Malwa15 Alirajpur3 Betul35 Burhanpur351 Chhindwara16 Dindori29 Harda4 Hoshangabad37 Khargone196 Mandsaur112 Morena109 Raisen71 Ratlam51 Sagar228 Shajapur39 Shandol14 Sheopur26 Tikamgarh18 Vidisha37 Anuppur22 Ashoknagar13 Balaghat9 Bhind87 Chhatarpur35 Damoh26 Datia12 Guna8 Jhabua14 Katni3 Mandla15 Narsinghpur17 Neemuch319 Niwari0 Panna20 Rajgarh31 Rewa39 Satna24 Sehore12 Seoni2 Shivpuri15 Sidhi17 Singrauli13 Umaria10 |
58181 1317 |
12422 86 |
44453 1207 |
1306 24 |
|
DistrictCases Ahmadabad17125 Anand107 Arvalli134 Banas Kantha147 Bhavnagar146 Gandhinagar410 PanchMahals107 Surat2311 Vadodara1555 Bharuch56 Botad55 Chhotaudepur37 Dang5 Dohad43 GirSomnath45 Jamnagar63 Kachchh99 Kheda98 Mahesana159 Mahisagar125 Narmada25 Naysari35 Patan105 Rajkot135 SabarKantha101 Surendranagar55 Tapi6 Valsad47 Amreli16 DevbhumiDwarka22 Junagadh31 Morbi4 Porbandar11 |
91179 1185 |
14742 |
73475 1193 |
2962 17 |
|
DistrictCases Ajmer379 Banswara91 Bharatpur563 Jaipur2177 Jhalawar329 Jodhpur1748 Kota503 Nagaur500 Alwar90 Barmer34 Bhilwara250 Bikaner112 Chittorgarh188 Churu81 Dausa61 Dholpur60 Dungarpur374 Hanumangarh31 Jaisalmer53 Jhunjhunu64 Karauli17 Pali352 Rajsamand140 SawaiMadhopur26 Sikar231 Tonk171 Udaipur724 Baran59 Bundi5 Ganganagar8 Jalore164 Pratapgarh14 Sirohi130 |
76015 1345 |
14425 326 |
60585 1006 |
1005 13 |
|
DistrictCases Faridabad867 Sonipat404 Ambala93 Bhiwani60 CharkiDadri43 Fatehabad38 Gurugram2950 Hisar98 Jhajjar114 Jind38 Kaithal48 Karnal104 Kurukshetra55 Nuh68 Palwal120 Panchkula39 Panipat78 Rohtak145 Sirsa50 Yamunanagar19 Mahendragarh47 Rewari56 |
59298 1293 |
9962 204 |
48690 1077 |
646 12 |
|
DistrictCases Agra933 Aligarh215 Amroha80 Bareilly17 Bijnor157 Bulandshahr166 Firozabad190 Gautam Buddha Nagar1119 Kanpur Nagar286 Lucknow386 Mathura129 Meerut504 Moradabad252 Muzaffarnagar117 Rae Bareli78 Rampur203 Saharanpur298 Sant Kabeer Nagar132 Varanasi243 Auraiya37 Ayodhya120 Azamgarh138 Baghpat68 Bahraich73 Balrampur49 Banda27 Basti214 Bhadohi60 Budaun23 Etah52 Etawah46 Ghaziabad794 Ghazipur159 Gonda59 Gorakhpur166 Hapur225 Hardoi49 Jalaun41 Jaunpur194 Jhansi41 Kannauj69 Kasganj16 Kaushambi6 Mainpuri46 Mau48 Mirzapur22 Pilibhit15 Pratapgarh15 Prayagraj30 Sambhal116 Shamli40 Shravasti23 Sitapur32 Sultanpur97 Unnao42 Ambedkar Nagar92 Amethi206 Ballia60 Barabanki168 Chandauli38 Chitrakoot4 Deoria143 Farrukhabad36 Fatehpur3 Hamirpur3 Hathras43 Kanpur Dehat4 Kheri72 Kushi Nagar67 Lalitpur3 Maharajganj85 Mahoba3 Shahjahanpur25 Siddharth Nagar159 Sonbhadra10 |
208419 5391 |
52309 992 |
152893 4331 |
3217 68 |
|
DistrictCases Central4817 East2472 New Delhi3405 North3059 North East1914 North West5463 Shahdara1580 South2329 South East2446 South West2391 West4768 |
167604 1840 |
13208 688 |
150027 1130 |
4369 22 |
|
DistrictCases Dhubri30 Goalpara19 Marigaon50 Baksa14 Barpeta28 Biswanath16 Bongaigaon12 Cachar80 Charaideo29 Chirang6 Darrang20 Dhemaji47 Dibrugarh61 Dima Hasao86 Golaghat203 Hailakandi57 Hojai89 Jorhat24 Kamrup42 Kamrup Metro276 KarbiAnglong13 Karimganj85 Kokrajhar37 Lakhimpur57 Majuli2 Nagaon143 Nalbari23 Sivasagar20 Sonitpur27 South SalmaraMancachar4 Tinsukia84 Udalguri28 West KarbiAnglong5 |
98807 2036 |
19222 |
79307 2345 |
278 4 |
|
DistrictCases East District3 North District0 South District3 West District0 |
1542 56 |
388 |
1151 75 |
3 |
|
DistrictCases Buxar134 Gaya115 Munger188 Patna279 Rohtas256 Arwal52 Aurangabad75 Banka134 Begusarai243 Bhagalpur266 Bhojpur103 Darbhanga143 Gopalganj123 Jehanabad178 Kaimur (bhabua)105 Lakhisarai72 Madhepura82 Madhubani199 Nalanda123 Nawada122 PurbiChamparan138 Purnia135 Saran101 Siwan139 Vaishali87 Araria68 Jamui47 Katihar175 Khagaria253 Kishanganj75 Muzaffarpur96 Pashchim Champaran57 Saharsa88 Samastipur139 Sheikhpura118 Sheohar20 Sitamarhi73 Supaul87 |
128780 2066 |
19067 |
109175 2814 |
538 8 |
|
DistrictCases 24 Paraganas North1031 24 Paraganas South281 Darjeeling97 Howrah1435 Jalpaiguri88 Kalimpong18 Kolkata2777 Maldah235 Medinipur East153 Medinipur West159 Hooghly604 Murshidabad125 Nadia139 Paschim Bardhaman70 Purba Bardhaman130 Alipurduar39 Bankura116 Birbhum206 Coochbehar210 Dinajpur Dakshin50 Dinajpur Uttar216 Jhargram9 Purulia66 |
150772 2997 |
26709 |
121046 3189 |
3017 53 |
|
DistrictCases South Andamans33 Nicobars1 North And Middle Andaman1 |
3018 33 |
602 |
2374 65 |
42 1 |
|
DistrictCases Pondicherry111 Karaikal2 Mahe4 Yanam0 |
12434 504 |
4483 219 |
7761 275 |
190 10 |
|
DistrictCases Anjaw0 Changlang31 Dibang Valley0 East Kameng0 East Siang1 Kamle0 KraDaadi0 KurungKumey0 Leparada0 Lohit3 Longding0 Lower Dibang Valley0 Lower Siang0 Lower Subansiri0 Namsai2 PakkeKessang1 Papum Pare8 Shi Yomi0 Siang0 Tawang1 Tirap0 Upper Siang1 Upper Subansiri0 West Kameng0 West Siang1 |
3633 78 |
1007 20 |
2621 58 |
5 |
|
DistrictCases Dimapur20 Kiphire3 Kohima7 Longleng0 Mokokchung0 Mon8 Peren2 Phek1 Tuensang3 Wokha0 Zunheboto0 |
3784 6 |
1040 |
2735 124 |
9 |
|
DistrictCases Dadra And Nagar Haveli20 |
2266 38 |
348 |
1916 54 |
2 |
|
DistrictCases Ranchi148 Bokaro16 Deoghar5 Dhanbad32 Garhwa80 Giridih19 Hazaribagh110 Jamtara2 Koderma58 Simdega48 Chatra1 Dumka5 East Singhbum170 Godda2 Gumla28 Khunti10 Latehar14 Lohardaga8 Pakur4 Palamu27 Ramgarh75 Sahebganj0 SaraikelaKharsawan20 West Singhbhum21 |
34396 1350 |
11096 761 |
22927 578 |
373 11 |
|
DistrictCases Gomati74 North Tripura14 Dhalai196 Khowai24 Sepahijala174 South Tripura53 Unakoti49 West Tripura45 |
10414 506 |
3486 360 |
6839 142 |
89 4 |
|
DistrictCases Kargil77 LehLadakh43 |
2492 41 |
825 |
1640 60 |
27 2 |
|
DistrictCases Anantnag395 Bandipora175 Shopian255 Srinagar300 Baramulla271 Budgam110 Ganderbal37 Jammu138 Kathua53 Kulgam295 Kupwara231 Rajouri39 Ramban151 Reasi26 Samba25 Udhampur155 Mirpur0 Muzaffarabad0 Doda27 Kishtwar10 Poonch35 Pulwama108 |
35135 655 |
7743 113 |
26721 528 |
671 14 |
|
DistrictCases Chamba29 Hamirpur117 Kangra105 Sirmaur11 Solan32 Una41 Bilaspur21 Kinnaur2 Kullu4 Lahaul And Spiti0 Mandi21 Shimla10 |
5501 180 |
1460 |
4008 198 |
33 1 |
|
DistrictCases Jalandhar297 Ludhiana293 Patiala132 Amritsar485 Barnala25 Faridkot74 Firozepur50 Gurdaspur154 Hoshiarpur140 Kapurthala44 Mansa31 Moga65 Pathankot86 S.A.S Nagar137 Sangrur107 Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr)99 Sri Muktsar Sahib71 Tarn Taran163 Bathinda60 Fatehgarh Sahib57 Fazilka53 Rupnagar (Ropar)74 |
47836 1746 |
15608 968 |
30972 741 |
1256 37 |
|
DistrictCases Haridwar94 Dehradun370 Nainital323 Almora71 Bageshwar31 Chamoli36 Champawat45 PauriGarhwal36 Pithoragarh43 Rudraprayag30 Tehri Garhwal110 Udam Singh Nagar83 Uttar Kashi24 |
17277 728 |
5274 468 |
11775 251 |
228 9 |
|
DistrictCases Bishnupur7 Chandel5 Churachandpur32 Imphal East10 Imphal West21 Jiribam3 Kakching2 Kamjong5 Kangpokpi26 Noney1 Pherzawl3 Senapati6 Tamenglong2 Tengnoupal9 Thoubal18 Ukhrul4 |
5725 140 |
1743 12 |
3957 128 |
25 |
|
DistrictCases Chandigarh313 |
3564 188 |
1544 5 |
1977 181 |
43 2 |
|
DistrictCases East Khasi Hills22 East Garo Hills0 East Jaintia Hills0 North Garo Hills1 Ribhoi0 South Garo Hills0 South West Garo Hills4 South West Khasi Hills0 West Garo Hills5 West Jaintia Hills1 West Khasi Hills1 |
2129 79 |
1222 54 |
899 25 |
8 |
|
DistrictCases Aizawl10 Champhai0 Hnahthial0 Khawzawl0 Kolasib11 Lawngtlai2 Lunglei2 Mamit8 Saiha0 Saitual1 Serchhip0 |
974 7 |
474 |
500 27 |
0 |
|
DistrictCases Lakshadweep District0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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