Submersible disasters are extraordinarily uncommon—and vessels are constructed to final. Girguis cites the Alvin: Commissioned in 1964, the deep-ocean analysis submersible was the primary crewed vessel to discover the Titanic wreckage, in 1986. It’s nonetheless in operation, having made greater than 5,000 dives. “I feel safer in a research submersible than I do on the highway,” says Girguis, who estimates he has performed greater than 100 deep-sea analysis dives into the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. “Research submersibles have been diving for half a century—and they’ve never budged from being safety-first.”

Girguis says some analysis submersibles are capable of full 150 dives a 12 months. Titan, nonetheless, was solely on its 14th voyage on June 18.

After Titan’s particles was discovered, the US Navy revealed that it had detected an acoustic signature per an implosion on June 18, within the normal space the place the vessel was diving and misplaced communication with Polar Prince. Although that data was relayed to on-scene commanders main the search effort, the sound of the doable implosion wasn’t decided as definitive, and so the search-and-rescue mission was launched.

An investigation, led by the US Coast Guard, is underway. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada, in addition to French and British maritime businesses, have joined the inquiry. So far, 5 main items of Titan have been discovered 12,467 ft beneath the ocean’s floor and are actually being brought to shore. Among the particles, the Coast Guard says it might have additionally recovered human stays.

Jai Sharma, maritime solicitor at regulation agency Clyde & Co, says the investigation will likely be detailed and prolonged. Once full, it is going to be capable of suggest civil or prison fees. “In this case, you have the passengers’ families that come from wealth and have suffered devastating losses, so there could be big claims in civil court,” he says.

Complicating the query of legal responsibility is that the incident occurred in worldwide waters. OceanGate’s waiver, which all passengers signed earlier than the dive, states that any disputes could be ruled by the legal guidelines of the Bahamas, the place the corporate is registered—its authorized system relies on English Common Law. However, it’s unclear if the case will ultimately be heard within the Bahamas, within the US, or Canada, the place the Polar Prince was registered.

OceanGate was the only vacationer operator offering journeys to see the Titanic. On its website, it invited passengers to “follow in Jacques Cousteau’s footsteps and become an underwater explorer.” It largely catered to high-net-worth people: seats on its closing, ill-fated journey value $250,000 per particular person. It’s a part of an extreme tourism industry that’s area of interest however rising. “Although it’s a small proportion of the broader adventure tourism market, these sorts of experiential trips and expeditions to the furthest regions are growing in demand,” says John Lennon, a tourism professor at Glasgow Caledonian University.

Although OceanGate could also be an outlier in that it ignored trade requirements, these types of adventures naturally work within the enterprise of danger, provides Lennon. “People are increasingly chasing extreme adventures. There seems to be a craving for extraordinary and unusual expeditions that perhaps don’t have a long track record of rescuing people—that may even be part of the motivation to go.” As individuals proceed to search for limits to push, and corporations search for new methods to make cash, there’s a hazard that the Titan and OceanGate story isn’t a one-off.

“When I learned the submersible was missing, I was asking questions like, did they turn on the emergency beacon? Was there an underwater beacon?” says Girguis. “As I learned more about Titan, I went through its list of safety features and found them all wanting, down to the haphazard approach in assembling and operating the vessel,” he provides. “It was a tragedy that was utterly avoidable.”